• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Method for determining and verifying at least one exhaust gas characteristic value of a test object, comprising the following steps: - placing the test object in a first constant operating mode, - verifying whether a constant operating mode exists, by measuring the emission of at least one exhaust gas component and / or the air ratio in the exhaust gas of the test object and by detecting and / or monitoring the value fluctuations of the recorded emission or of the recorded emissions during operation of the test object in the first constant operating mode, measuring a first emission value of the at least one exhaust gas component and determining a first air ratio from the exhaust gas composition during the verified first constant operating mode, wherein the emission value is in particular a concentration of an exhaust gas component or a particle number, - determining a first exhaust gas characteristic value by converting the first emission value to a predefined air ratio or stoichiometric combustion by multiplying the first emission value by the first air ratio.
    公开号:AT518272A4
    申请号:T50538/2016
    申请日:2016-06-14
    公开日:2017-09-15
    发明作者:Pucher Ernst
    申请人:Technische Universität Wien；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Exhaust review procedures
    The invention relates to a method for determining and checking at least one exhaust gas characteristic value of a test object according to the features of the independent patent claim. In particular, the invention relates to a universal, rapidly performed measuring method for gaseous and particulate emissions from internal combustion engines.
    According to the prior art, different measuring methods are known which make it possible to determine and check the emissions emitted by a test specimen.
    For example, test bench measurements are known in which a vehicle or an internal combustion engine is connected to a test stand, in order to subsequently run through predefined driving cycles. A disadvantage of such methods is that the measurement setup is associated with considerable effort, although in spite of this high cost, the emissions measured at the test stand in some cases significantly differ from the actual emissions of the vehicle or the internal combustion engine, which occur in real operation.
    For this reason, according to the prior art, so-called "on-board measuring devices" are used for collecting emission data of the real ferry operation. A disadvantage of this method is that carrying out test drives with an "onboard measuring device" represents an increased expense. In addition, the results of test drives can be highly dependent on the particular circumstances of the test drive. For a quick and easy workshop check, the above methods are not suitable.
    However, according to the prior art, rapid tests are known which are carried out as part of the periodic inspection of motor vehicles. Thus, in diesel vehicles in Europe, only the exhaust gas turbidity is measured with free engine acceleration. Furthermore, when checking passenger cars, a readout of the onboard diagnosis for the evaluation of emission-relevant data of the vehicle electronics takes place optionally. In these rapid tests, however, according to the prior art, no exhaust gas measurement is carried out. In particular, the current methods are based in part on data generated by the vehicle electronics. These data are in some cases unreliable and thus falsify the results.
    Thus, in the periodic inspection of motor vehicles does not take place a direct impact test, which is independent of the vehicle. In particular, important exhaust gas components such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, fine particle number and ammonia are currently not checked.
    The object of the invention is now to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and in particular to provide an efficiently feasible method for checking the exhaust behavior of a specimen, preferably in the context of a periodic inspection, as well as for the detection of highly-emitting internal combustion engines for mobile and stationary applications is suitable in real operation.
    The object of the invention is achieved in particular by the features of the independent claim.
    The invention preferably relates to a method for determining and checking at least one exhaust gas characteristic value of a test specimen using a measuring system, wherein the test specimen contains at least one internal combustion engine and optionally one downstream of the internal combustion engine exhaust aftertreatment system.
    Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: - placing the test specimen in a first constant operating mode, - verifying whether a constant operating mode is present, by measuring the emission of at least one exhaust gas component and / or the air ratio in the exhaust gas of the specimen and by detecting and / or monitoring the Value fluctuations of the recorded emission or of the recorded emissions, in particular of an exhaust gas component (s) and / or the air ratio during operation of the test specimen in the first constant operating mode, measuring a first emission value of the at least one exhaust gas component and determining a first air ratio from the exhaust gas composition during the verified first constant operating mode, the emission value being in particular a concentration value of an exhaust gas component or a particle number value, determining a first exhaust gas characteristic value by converting the first emission value to a predefined one Air ratio or stoichiometric combustion by multiplying the first emission value by the first air ratio.
    Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: - placing the test object in a second constant operating mode, - verifying whether a constant operating mode is present, by measuring the emission of at least one exhaust gas component and / or the air ratio and by detecting and / or monitoring the value fluctuations of the recorded emission or the recorded emissions during operation of the test specimen in the second constant operating mode, - measuring a second emission value of the at least one exhaust gas component and determining a second air ratio from the exhaust gas composition during the verified second constant operating mode, the emission value being in particular a concentration value of an exhaust gas component
    Particle count value, - determining a second exhaust gas characteristic value by converting the second emission value to a predefined air ratio or to a stoichiometric combustion by multiplying the second emission value by the second air ratio.
    Optionally, it is provided that the test object is operated in idle mode at constant idling speed in one of the constant operating modes, in particular in the first constant operating mode.
    Optionally, it is provided that the test object in the other constant operating mode, in particular in the second constant operating mode: - idle at constant increased idle speed, - and / or idle at a constant at 20% to 40%, in particular 30%, the speed of the maximum Performance of the test specimen increased idle speed, - and / or, compared to the other constant operating mode, constantly increased load is operated.
    Optionally, it is provided that the device under test is a vehicle with an internal combustion engine, and that the test object, for producing a constant operating mode, in particular for establishing the second constant operating mode, is subjected to a test load which is elevated in relation to the other constant operating state.
    Optionally, it is provided that the test object is a vehicle with an internal combustion engine, and that the test object, for establishing a constant operating mode, in particular for establishing the second constant operating mode, is subjected to a test load which is elevated in relation to the other constant operating state, wherein the elevated test own Load - increased engine friction at increased speed, - and / or increased exhaust back pressure at increased engine speed - and / or increased load by switching at least one load-generating test-owned auxiliary unit is.
    Optionally, it is provided that the device under test is a vehicle with an internal combustion engine, and that the test specimen, for establishing a constant operating mode, in particular for establishing the second constant operating mode, is applied with a relation to the other constant operating condition increased load, the increased load through Operating the test specimen is produced on a chassis dynamometer.
    Optionally, it is provided that the exhaust gas temperature of the specimen is measured, and that measuring the first emission value of the at least one exhaust gas component and determining a first air ratio of the exhaust gas composition during the verified first constant operating mode, only if the exhaust gas temperature is above a predetermined temperature threshold in particular 200 ° C and / or lies in a predetermined temperature window.
    Optionally, it is provided that the exhaust gas temperature of the test specimen is measured, and that measuring the second emission value of the at least one exhaust gas component and determining a second air ratio from the exhaust gas composition during the verified second constant operating mode, only if the exhaust gas temperature is above a predetermined temperature threshold in particular 200 ° C and / or lies in a predetermined temperature window.
    If appropriate, it is provided that the following steps are carried out for verifying whether a constant operating mode exists: measuring the emission of at least one exhaust gas component in the exhaust gas of the test object over a period of time t, detecting and / or monitoring the value fluctuations of the recorded emission or the recorded emissions during the period of time t, - checking whether the value fluctuations of the recorded emission or the recorded emissions during the time t are within a predetermined maximum fluctuation range.
    If appropriate, it is provided that the following steps are carried out to verify whether a constant operating mode exists: measuring the emission of at least one exhaust gas component in the exhaust gas of the test object over a period of five seconds, detecting and / or monitoring the value fluctuations of the recorded emission or emissions recorded over the period of five seconds, - Check whether the fluctuations in the value of the recorded emission or of the recorded emissions during the period of five seconds less than 5 percent.
    If appropriate, it is provided that the following emission values are measured: CO 2 concentration, and / or oxygen concentration, and / or nitrogen oxide concentration, in particular NO concentration and / or NO 2 concentration, and / or particle number, and / or NH3 concentration, - and / or HC concentration, - and / or carbon monoxide concentration.
    If appropriate, it is provided that exhaust gas characteristic values are determined for the following exhaust gas components: nitrogen oxide concentration, in particular NO concentration and / or NO 2 concentration, and / or particle number, and / or NH 3 concentration, and / or HC concentration, and / or carbon monoxide concentration.
    Optionally, it is provided that measuring the emission of the at least one exhaust gas component in the exhaust gas of the test specimen, determining the air ratio from the exhaust gas composition and optionally measuring the exhaust gas temperature is performed with the measuring system, wherein the measuring system is a measuring system independently of the test specimen.
    Optionally, it is provided that the determination of the air ratio from the exhaust gas composition: - takes place using the atomic balance method of the carbonaceous exhaust gas components, optionally taking into account the oxygen content, the exhaust gas, - and / or by the residual oxygen method, using a lambda probe.
    Optionally, it is provided that measuring the emission of at least one exhaust gas component in the exhaust gas of the test specimen and / or measuring the emission value of the at least one exhaust gas component - by branching off a partial volumetric flow of the specimen emitted by the test specimen
    Exhaust gas is introduced by means of an exhaust gas probe introduced into the exhaust gas outlet opening of the test object - and by passing the partial volume flow into the measuring system.
    Optionally, it is provided that measuring the emission of at least one exhaust gas component in the exhaust gas of the test specimen and / or measuring the emission value of the at least one exhaust gas component - by branching off a partial volume flow of the exhaust gas emitted from the test specimen - and by passing the partial volumetric flow into the measuring system by means of unheated exhaust gas extraction technology he follows.
    Optionally, it is provided that measuring the emission of at least one exhaust gas component in the exhaust gas of the specimen and / or measuring the emission value of the at least one exhaust gas component - by branching off a partial volume flow of the exhaust gas emitted by the test specimen by means of an exhaust gas probe introduced into the exhaust gas outlet opening of the specimen - and Passing the partial volume flow into a measuring system takes place, - and that the temperature measurement of the exhaust gas temperature via a temperature sensor arranged on the exhaust gas probe takes place.
    Optionally, it is provided that measuring the emission of at least one exhaust gas component in the exhaust gas of the test specimen and / or measuring the emission value of the at least one exhaust gas component after separation of the water vapor content content of the exhaust gas.
    Optionally, it is contemplated that an exhaust gas analyzer of the metering system having a response time of less than ten seconds and a rise time of less than five seconds may be used to measure emissions.
    Optionally, it is provided that the test specimen is conditioned before the start of the measurement, so that in particular the exhaust gas temperature is above a predetermined temperature threshold value and / or lies in a predetermined temperature window.
    Optionally, it is provided that the first operating state corresponds to that operating state in which the engine is conditioned. It is preferably provided that the test specimen in this first constant operating mode and for conditioning: - at idle at constant increased idle speed, - and / or idle at constant at 20% to 40%, in particular 30%, the speed of the maximum power of Test objects increased idle speed, - and / or, compared to the other constant operating mode, constantly increased load is operated. As a result, the first verification and the first measurement can be started directly after the conditioning, in particular without changing the engine load. Optionally, it is provided that the device under test in the second constant operating mode is operated at idle at a constant idling speed. If necessary, it is provided that a reference characteristic value, in particular a vehicle-specific pollutant limit value, is provided for checking the at least one exhaust gas characteristic value of the test object and compared with the at least one determined exhaust gas characteristic value, or that reference parameters, in particular vehicle-specific pollutant limit values, are provided for checking the determined exhaust gas characteristic values of the test object the determined exhaust gas parameters are compared.
    If appropriate, it is provided: that the first constant operating state corresponds to the operating state in which the engine is conditioned, the test specimen in this first constant operating mode and for conditioning: idling at a constant increased idling speed, and / or at idling at constant to 20% to 40%, in particular to 30%, of the speed of the maximum power of the test object of increased idle speed, - and / or, compared to the other constant operating mode, constantly increased load is operated, - that immediately after the conditioning, the verification the first constant operating mode and then the first measurement is performed, the load remains unchanged at the transition between conditioning and the first constant operating mode, and that the DUT is then optionally operated in the second constant operating mode, idling at a constant idle speed.
    The sequence or sequence of the two operating modes can be adjusted or reversed depending on the application. Furthermore, if appropriate, only one of the two operating modes can be used. If appropriate, a third operating mode can also be provided. Optionally, other operating modes may be provided.
    In particular, the invention relates to a universal, rapid and efficient to be carried out, short test method for checking the gaseous and particulate pollutants, preferably based on the air ratio of the exhaust gas.
    In particular, new emission control technologies for the reduction of nitrogen oxides and particulate exhaust gas constituents require an adequate verification methodology to ensure that they are both in operation and fulfill a certain minimum function.
    The present method is preferably used to check the exhaust behavior of internal combustion engines in the context of periodic inspection as well as for the detection of high-emission internal combustion engines for mobile or stationary applications in real operation. Test specimens according to the invention may be, for example, motor vehicles, work machines, agricultural traction vehicles, locomotives and / or ships.
    The process may also be applicable to all common fuels such as gasoline, diesel, natural gas, methane (CNG and LNG), LPG and similar biofuels and synthetic fuels. Furthermore, it is preferably universally applicable for spark ignition engines (gasoline engine), compression ignition engines (diesel engine) and turbines.
    If necessary, the measuring method is characterized by the fact that it requires no data connection to the measurement object (field bus system) and thus an independent impact test can be performed.
    The measuring method is preferably based on the fact that at one or more defined operating points of the internal combustion engine, the concentration of nitrogen oxides and / or nitrogen monoxide and / or ammonia and / or the number of particles are determined relative to the air ratio of the internal combustion engine. The determination of the air ratio is carried out in particular from the exhaust gas composition by means of atomic balance method of all exhaust gas components or optionally by means of residual oxygen determination of the fully oxidized exhaust gas.
    The concentrations of nitrogen oxides and the number of particles are converted to a uniform air ratio, preferably lambda = 1.00, which is a good
    Comparability of different working procedures and operating strategies of internal combustion engines is achieved. For this air ratio, limit values for the exhaust gas components to be measured can be defined depending on the type of drive and the statutory exhaust gas standard. Thus, a uniform test of new and older internal combustion engines can be made.
    Sampling can be done, for example, from the tailpipe of the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine, preferably with unheated exhaust gas extraction technology. Any excretion of the water contained in the exhaust gas can be taken into account in the balance, in particular the molar balance.
    In addition, a temperature measurement of the exhaust gas flow can be made at the removal position of the exhaust gas probe in order to ensure that the minimum temperature of the exhaust gas necessary for exhaust gas purification processes is achieved. For this already known reference values are available.
    The flue gas analyzer should preferably have a response time of less than ten seconds and a rise time of less than five seconds. This makes it possible to detect possible drift of the test object and to carry out the measurement quickly.
    The entire exhaust gas measurement can be carried out in the vehicle or on a chassis dynamometer in less than five minutes and allows a recurring control of the important exhaust gas components, in particular the nitrogen oxides and / or the fine particles. In addition, the air condition determination lambda used in diesel engines can be used to check the engine settings.
    The process is gentle on the combustion engine and the environment, as it does not require free engine acceleration up to the maximum speed of diesel engines.
    The measurement method is preferably independent of the measurement object, with which software manipulations can have no influence on the measurement result.
    Measuring the emission value or values of the at least one exhaust gas component and determining the air ratio (s) from the exhaust gas composition during the verified constant operating mode, and in particular measuring a concentration value of an exhaust gas component or a particle number value can be accomplished by a one-time measurement or by taking and averaging several Measured values take place.
    A measuring system for carrying out the method according to the invention preferably comprises an exhaust gas probe, which can be introduced into the exhaust gas outlet opening, in particular into the tail pipe, of the test piece in order to receive a partial volume flow of the test piece. Optionally, the measuring system for carrying out the method according to the invention comprises an exhaust gas full flow adapter, which also extracts a partial flow at the outlet opening. The withdrawn exhaust gas stream can be supplied to a plurality of sensors for determining the exhaust gas components.
    In the method according to the invention, a measuring system is preferably used, the sensors for measuring the CO 2 concentration, the oxygen concentration, the nitrogen oxide concentration - NO, NO 2 and / or NO x, the number of particles, optionally the NH 3 concentration, optionally the HC concentration and the carbon monoxide concentration in the exhaust gas of the specimen comprises.
    In the method according to the invention, it is preferably provided that exhaust gas characteristic values for the nitrogen oxide concentration, the number of particles, if appropriate to the NH 3 concentration, are optionally determined for the HC concentration and the carbon monoxide concentration.
    Subsequently, a list of possible sensors or sensor principles for determining the specified exhaust gas components is given. These are exemplary embodiments of sensors for determining the possibly necessary emission values.
    Particle number PN:
    Diffusion size classifier for nanoparticle measurement; Resisitve particle sensors; Electrical charging particle sensor; Photo Acoustic Soot Sensor.
    The determination can optionally take place in exhaust gas diluted with particle-free ambient air.
    Nitrogen oxides NOx, NO:
    Chemiluminescence Detector - CLD; Non-Dispersive Ultra-Violet Technology - NDUV; Two-chamber zirconia sensor; Galvanic sensor; Sideband of infrared.
    Carbon dioxide C02, carbon monoxide CO: NDIR: non-dispersive infrared sensor; Galvanic sensor.
    Hydrocarbons HC:
    Flame ionization detector FID; NDIR; Heat effect.
    Oxygen 02:
    Galvanic sensor (certain type of fuel cell); Paramagnetic alternating pressure method
    Ammonia NH3:
    Non-equilibrium electrochemical Alumina / Zirconia composite sensor exhaust gas temperature: K-type thermocouple; Resistive temperature sensor; Semiconductor temperature sensor.
    The determination of the lambda value in the present method can be made from the exhaust gas composition. For example, the following known methods or methods are suitable for this purpose (compare: E. Pucher: "Verification of Catalyst Vehicles in Transport, VDI Progress Reports, Series 12, No., 121, Dusseldorf, 1988.):
    Nuclear balance method:
    Based on the measurement of the carbonaceous exhaust gas components (CO 2, CO and HC), with known fuel composition, the air ratio lambda can be calculated from the exhaust gas composition. If the exhaust gas component oxygen is added, the quality of the measurement result becomes even more precise and more independent of the fuel composition at air ratios above λ = 1 (exhaust gas dilution). As an example of a calculation equation, the one according to Brettschneider is called.
    Residual oxygen measuring method:
    The ratio of real sucked air mass of the engine in relation to the stoichiometric air mass can also be determined by means of a residual oxygen measurement in the exhaust gas, or the exhaust gas cloud. Typically, broadband lambda probes that operate on the oxygen ion pump principle are used for this. The oxygen flow in or from a small λ = 1 reference chamber is the measure of the real dilution of the gas sample (compare: PUCHER, E .: Exhaust emissions -Legal regulations, exhaust gas measuring technology, pollutants and their formation, reduction of pollutants. Basics, Components, Systems, Perspectives Basshuysen, R .; Schäfer, F. (Editor) ATZ-MTZ textbook, Third, completely revised and expanded edition, ISBN: 3-528-23933-6, Vieweg Verlag 2005).
    If appropriate, the measurement of the exhaust gas composition of the exhaust gas concentration can take place after separation of a possible water vapor content. The measurement of the exhaust gas concentrations is preferably carried out after separation of the water vapor content of the sample gas at ambient temperature. If a conversion to moist exhaust gas is desired, the measured values at lambda = 1 should be reduced by ten percent, for example.
    Preferably, a calculation of the exhaust gas concentrations based on lambda = 1 is carried out. For this purpose, the measured value is multiplied by the lambda value. This normalizes the different air requirements of different engine and combustion concepts to a comparable lambda value and the volume concentrations of the pollutants are directly comparable. Excess air motor designs such as diesel engines, lean burn gasoline engines and gas turbines would otherwise exhibit lower concentrations due to the engine-inherent dilution.
    The method is preferably designed in such a way that the measurements are carried out with a measuring system that measures independently of the test object. This means in particular that there is no data connection between the measuring system and the test object. In any case, there is a connection between the measuring system and the test object via the extraction of the exhaust gas of the test specimen and the analysis of the exhaust gas of the test specimen by the measuring system. However, no preference is given by the measuring system
    Data taken from their own sensors, such as an air mass meter, from a lambda probe or similar test specimens own sensors are determined to perform an independent impact test can.
    Subsequently, the method will be further described with reference to an exemplary embodiment of the measurement method on a passenger car, the method comprising the following steps: Provision of the exhaust gas measuring device, provision of the operating-warm vehicle together with registration certificate for determining the drive speed at maximum engine power and the type and - Emission standard of the engine, - Database query of the vehicle-specific pollutant limits for the short test, - Installation of the exhaust probe with integrated or additional exhaust gas temperature measurement at the exhaust of the vehicle, - Conditioning the test and already operationally warm car to ensure the achievement of the minimum required exhaust gas temperature for the functioning of the emission control system This is, for example, by increased idle speed at 30 to 40 percent of the drive speed at maximum engine power, until reaching a Abgastemper nature at the exhaust of at least 200 degrees Celsius. - Immediately afterwards at this increased idle speed, the measurement of the exhaust gas concentrations of C02, oxygen and nitrogen oxides and the number of particles and optionally NH3 and / or carbon monoxide, wherein the pollutant concentrations of nitrogen oxides, particle number and optionally NH3 and / or carbon monoxide is calculated to lambda = 1.00 The duration of the measurement is 5 seconds after reaching the steady state value of the measured quantities and the change in the measurement results during this period must be less than 10 percent. The absolute value of the measured quantities must be below the vehicle-specific limit value. Otherwise it will be measured once again with the same specifications. If the target values are not reached again, the test is failed. The vehicle must be subjected to a manufacturer-specific inspection and maintenance program by an authorized workshop. Vehicles that have passed the test at elevated idle speed will be subjected to an idle speed test insofar as existing start / stop facilities for engine operation can be deactivated in the stand by simple operation from the driver's seat.
    The duration of the measurement is 5 seconds after reaching the steady state value of the measured quantities. The change in the measurement results must be less than 10 percent during this period. The absolute value of the measured quantities must be below a vehicle-specific limit value. Otherwise it will be measured once again with the same specifications. If the target specifications are not reached again, the test is considered failed and must be aborted. The vehicle must be subjected to a manufacturer-specific inspection and maintenance program by an authorized workshop. For vehicles that have also passed the no-load test, the overall test is passed.
    Subsequently, the method will be described on the basis of an exemplary embodiment of the measuring method on a commercial vehicle, for example on a truck or bus, or on an agricultural tractor, the method comprising in particular the following steps: - providing the exhaust gas measuring device, - optionally providing the operationally warm vehicle including the registration certificate for determining the drive speed at maximum engine power and the type and emission standard of the prime mover, database query of the vehicle-specific pollutant limit values for the method according to the invention, which is carried out in particular as a short cut test, installation of the exhaust gas probe with integrator or additional exhaust gas temperature measurement at the exhaust of the vehicle, if necessary, conditioning of the vehicle to be tested and already operating warm to achieve the at least required exhaust gas temperature for the functionality of the exhaust gas purification secure system. This is done, for example, by an increased load condition. The increased load state can be generated, for example, by an increased idle speed at 30 to 40 percent of the drive speed at maximum engine power until an exhaust gas temperature at the exhaust of at least 200 degrees Celsius is present. Alternatively or additionally, if an increased engine speed at standstill of the vehicle is not possible, an increased load by hinzuschalten an accessory can be generated. For example, the following ancillary components come into question:
    Air conditioning, cooling unit, power take-off for hoists, power take-off for tilting mechanisms, power take-off for turning mechanisms and / or power take-off for collecting machines. These ancillaries produce a typical load of commercial vehicles up to 30 kilowatts. The measurement of the exhaust gas concentrations of CO 2, oxygen, nitrogen oxides and particle number and, optionally, NH 3 and / or carbon monoxide is then carried out immediately at the operating state of the engine selected in the preceding step. The pollutant concentrations of nitrogen oxides, particle number and optionally NH3 and / or carbon monoxide are calculated based on Lambda = 1.00. - The duration of the measurement is 5 seconds after reaching the steady state value of the measured quantities. The change in the measurement results must be less than 10 percent during this period. - The absolute value of the measured quantities must be below the vehicle-specific limit value. Otherwise it will be measured once again with the same specifications. - If the target values are not reached again, the test is considered failed and must be aborted.
    The vehicle must be subjected to a manufacturer-specific inspection and maintenance program by an authorized workshop. - Vehicles that have passed the test under increased load conditions are subjected to a test at idle speed, provided that existing start / stop facilities for engine operation in the state by simple operation from the driver's seat can be disabled. - The duration of the measurement is 5 seconds after reaching the steady state value of the measured quantities. The change in the measurement results must be less than 10 percent during this period. The absolute value of the measured quantities must be below a vehicle-specific limit value. Otherwise, measure again with the same specifications. If the target specifications are not reached again, the test is considered failed and must be aborted. The vehicle must be subjected to a manufacturer-specific inspection and maintenance program by an authorized workshop. For vehicles that have also passed the no-load test, the overall test is passed.
    权利要求:
    Claims (23)
    [1]
    claims
    A method for determining and verifying at least one exhaust gas characteristic value of a test object using a measuring system, wherein the test object contains at least one internal combustion engine and optionally an exhaust aftertreatment system downstream of the internal combustion engine, comprising the steps of: placing the test object in a first constant operating mode, verifying whether a constant operating mode exists, by measuring the emission of at least one exhaust gas component and / or the air ratio in the exhaust gas of the specimen and by detecting and / or monitoring the value fluctuations of the recorded emission or the recorded emissions during the operation of the specimen in the first constant operating mode, first emission value of the at least one exhaust gas component and determining a first air ratio from the exhaust gas composition during the verified first constant operating mode, wherein the emission value in particular a concentration value of an exhaust gas component or a particle number value, - determining a first exhaust gas characteristic value by converting the first emission value to a predefined air ratio or to stoichiometric combustion by multiplying the first emission value by the first air ratio.
    [2]
    2. The method of claim 1 comprising the following steps: - Put the test specimen in a second constant operating mode, - Verifying whether a constant operating mode is present, by measuring the emission of at least one exhaust gas component and / or the air ratio and by detecting and / or monitoring the value fluctuations the measured emission or the recorded emissions during operation of the test specimen in the second constant operating mode, measuring a second emission value of the at least one exhaust gas component and determining a second air ratio from the exhaust gas composition during the verified second constant operating mode, the emission value being in particular a concentration value of an exhaust gas component or is a particle number value, - determining a second exhaust gas characteristic value by converting the second emission value to a predefined air ratio or to a stoichiometric combustion by multiplying de s second emission value with the second air ratio.
    [3]
    3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the DUT is operated in one of the constant operating modes, in particular in the first constant operating mode, idling at a constant idle speed.
    [4]
    4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the specimen in the other constant operating mode, in particular in the second constant operating mode: - at idle at a constant increased idle speed, - and / or idle at a constant to 20% to 40% , in particular to 30%, the speed of the maximum power of the test object increased idle speed, - and / or, compared to the other constant operating mode, constantly increased load is operated.
    [5]
    5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the device under test is a vehicle with an internal combustion engine, and that the DUT, for establishing a constant operating mode, in particular for establishing the second constant operating mode, with respect to the other constant operating condition increased test own load is applied.
    [6]
    6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the test specimen is a vehicle with an internal combustion engine, and that the test specimen, for establishing a constant operating mode, in particular for establishing the second constant operating mode, with respect to the other constant operating state elevated test own load is applied, the increased test own load - increased engine friction at increased speed, - and / or increased exhaust back pressure at elevated engine speed - and / or increased load by switching at least one load-generating test-owned auxiliary unit.
    [7]
    7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the test specimen is a vehicle with an internal combustion engine, and that the test specimen, for establishing a constant operating mode, in particular for establishing the second constant operating mode, with respect to the other constant operating state increased load is applied, wherein the increased load is generated by operating the test specimen on a chassis dynamometer.
    [8]
    8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that - the exhaust gas temperature of the specimen is measured, and - measuring the first emission value of the at least one exhaust gas component and determining a first air ratio of the exhaust gas composition during the verified first constant operating mode , takes place only when the exhaust gas temperature is above a predetermined temperature threshold of in particular 200 ° C and / or in a predetermined temperature window.
    [9]
    9. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhaust gas temperature of the test object is measured, and in that the measurement of the second emission value of the at least one exhaust gas component and the determination of a second air ratio from the exhaust gas composition during the verified second constant operating mode , takes place only when the exhaust gas temperature is above a predetermined temperature threshold of in particular 200 ° C and / or in a predetermined temperature window.
    [10]
    10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that for verifying whether a constant operating mode is present, the following steps are carried out: - Measuring the emission of at least one exhaust gas component in the exhaust gas of the test specimen over a period t, - detecting and / or Monitoring the fluctuations in the value of the recorded emission or of the recorded emissions during the period t, - checking whether the value fluctuations of the recorded emission or the recorded emissions during the time t are within a predetermined maximum fluctuation range.
    [11]
    11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that for verifying whether a constant operating mode is present, the following steps are carried out: - Measuring the emission of at least one exhaust gas component in the exhaust gas of the specimen over a period of five seconds, - Detecting and / or monitor the fluctuations in the value of the absorbed or ingested emissions over a period of five seconds; - verify that the fluctuations in the recorded emissions or emissions during the five-second period are less than 5%.
    [12]
    12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the following emission values are measured: - C02 concentration, - and / or oxygen concentration, - and / or nitrogen oxide concentration, - and / or particle number, - and / or NH3 concentration, - and / or HC concentration, - and / or carbon monoxide concentration.
    [13]
    13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that exhaust gas parameters are determined for the following exhaust gas components: - nitrogen oxides concentration, - and / or particle number, - and / or NH3 concentration, - and / or HC concentration, - and / or carbon monoxide concentration.
    [14]
    14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the measuring of the emission of at least one exhaust gas component in the exhaust gas of the test specimen, determining the air ratio of the exhaust gas composition and optionally carried out measuring the exhaust gas temperature is performed with the measuring system, wherein the Measuring system is a measuring system independent of the test specimen.
    [15]
    15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that determining the air ratio of the exhaust gas composition: - according to the atomic balance method of the carbonaceous exhaust gas components, optionally taking into account the oxygen content of the exhaust gas, - and / or by the residual oxygen method, under Use of a lambda probe takes place.
    [16]
    16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that measuring the emission of at least one exhaust gas component in the exhaust gas of the specimen and / or measuring the emission value of the at least one exhaust gas component - by branching off a partial volume flow of the exhaust gas emitted by the specimen by means of a introduced into the exhaust gas outlet of the specimen exhaust probe - and by passing the partial volume flow into the measuring system.
    [17]
    17. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that measuring the emission of at least one exhaust gas component in the exhaust gas of the test specimen and / or measuring the emission value of the at least one exhaust gas component - by branching off a partial volume flow of the exhaust gas from the test specimen - and by passing the partial volume flow into the measuring system by means of unheated exhaust gas extraction technology.
    [18]
    18. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that - measuring the emission of at least one exhaust gas component in the exhaust gas of the specimen and / or measuring the emission value of the at least one exhaust gas component - by branching off a partial volume flow of the exhaust gas emitted by the specimen an exhaust gas probe introduced into the exhaust gas outlet opening of the test object - and by passing the partial volume flow into a measuring system, - and that the temperature measurement of the exhaust gas temperature takes place via a temperature sensor arranged on the exhaust gas probe.
    [19]
    19. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the measurement of the emission of at least one exhaust gas component in the exhaust gas of the specimen and / or measuring the emission value of the at least one exhaust gas component after separation of the water vapor content content of the exhaust gas.
    [20]
    20. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that an exhaust gas analyzer of the measuring system is used with a response time of less than ten seconds and a rise time of less than five seconds for measuring the emissions.
    [21]
    21. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the test specimen is conditioned prior to the start of the measurement, so that in particular the exhaust gas temperature is above a predetermined temperature threshold value and / or lies in a predetermined temperature window.
    [22]
    22. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that - for verifying the at least one exhaust gas characteristic value of the test specimen, a reference characteristic value, in particular a vehicle-specific pollutant limit value is provided and compared with the at least one determined exhaust gas characteristic value, - or that for checking the determined Exhaust gas characteristic values of the test specimen Reference characteristic values, in particular vehicle-specific pollutant limit values, are provided and compared with the determined exhaust gas characteristic values.
    [23]
    23. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that - the first constant operating state corresponds to that operating state in which the engine is conditioned, - that the test specimen in this first constant operating mode and for conditioning: - at idle at a constant increased Idling speed, - and / or idling at constant to 20% to 40%, in particular to 30%, the speed of the maximum power of the test specimen increased idle speed, - and / or, compared to the other constant operating mode, constantly increased load is operated, - that directly after conditioning the verification of the first constant operating mode and then the first measurement are made, the load preferably remains unchanged at the transition between conditioning and first constant operating mode, - and that the DUT then optionally in the second constant operating mode, in Idling at constant Leerla ufdrehzahl, is operated.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    Weiss et al.2011|Analyzing on-road emissions of light-duty vehicles with Portable Emission Measurement Systems |
    DE4301230C2|2002-09-12|Method and device for automatically checking control systems for fuel evaporation in vehicles
    Ortenzi et al.2010|A new method to calculate instantaneous vehicle emissions using OBD data
    CN104849068B|2017-07-14|The quick on-board emission test method of heavy-duty car
    DE102011015396B4|2013-06-13|Method for checking components of a motor vehicle and motor vehicles with corresponding checking device
    Frey et al.2012|Measurement and evaluation of fuels and technologies for passenger rail service in North Carolina.
    AT518272B1|2017-09-15|Exhaust review procedures
    CN102803691A|2012-11-28|Method and device for diagnosing the operational state of a fuel supply system of an automobile internal combustion engine
    Merkisz2011|Real road tests-exhaust emission results from passenger cars
    DE19753006C2|2001-01-18|Procedure for the assessment of exhaust gas limit value violations and for the assessment of the quality of exhaust gas relevant components in low emitting motor vehicles while driving
    Zardini et al.2016|Preparatory work for the Environmental Effect Study on the Euro 5 step of L-category vehicles
    Pucher et al.2019|Periodical technical emission control by using an IoT universal short-test procedure
    Shade2000|A performance evaluation of the MEMS: An on-road emissions measurement system study
    EP3640445A1|2020-04-22|Method for measuring a catalytic function of an object for cleaning an exhaust gas of a combustion engine
    KR101173292B1|2012-08-10|Apparatus for examining 2-wheeled vehicle emission
    Wiers et al.1972|Carbon Dioxide | Tracer Technique for Modal Mass Exhaust Emission Measurement
    Besch et al.2017|On-Road and Chassis Dynamometer Testing of Light-duty Diesel Passenger Cars
    Patel et al.2020|Real Driving Particulate Emissions from a Gasoline PHEV
    Guenther et al.1996|Prediction of IM240 mass emissions using portable exhaust analyzers
    Hu et al.2015|Comparison of nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbon exhaust concentration detection methods for portable emission measurement systems applied to locomotive engines
    EP3222833B1|2021-07-28|Method for monitoring the nox emissions of a vehicle
    DE102004053428A1|2006-05-24|Examination of exhaust system formed with an internal combustion engine in a motor vehicle, comprises determining concentration of exhaust component using optical methods and selecting operating parameters of the engine
    Suleimanov et al.2018|Diagnostics of Automobile Mechatron Systems by Integrated Environmental Indicators
    DE3935381A1|1990-05-03|Testing engine exhaust purifier at idling speed - by concn. change in injected nitrogen oxide
    DE102017211220A1|2018-11-29|Method for diagnosing an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, as well as the devices connected to the internal combustion engine, and a system for carrying out the method
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2017215931A1|2017-12-21|
    EP3469330A1|2019-04-17|
    AT518272B1|2017-09-15|
    EP3469330B1|2020-09-16|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US6209385B1|1996-06-27|2001-04-03|Horiba Instruments, Inc.|Method and system for determining air/fuel ratio of an engine's combustion process from its exhaust emissions|
    EP2434270A1|2010-09-27|2012-03-28|MAHA Maschinenbau Haldenwang GmbH & Co. KG|Method and system for determining a mass emission rate of a pollutant contained in the exhaust of a mobile equipment|
    US3998095A|1972-11-15|1976-12-21|Clayton Manufacturing Company|Method and apparatus for quickly evaluating engine exhaust gas emissions|
    US9689778B2|2014-01-30|2017-06-27|GM Global Technology Operations LLC|Method of estimating soot output from an engine|US20190263339A1|2018-02-23|2019-08-29|The Boeing Company|Sensing systems and methods|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50538/2016A|AT518272B1|2016-06-14|2016-06-14|Exhaust review procedures|ATA50538/2016A| AT518272B1|2016-06-14|2016-06-14|Exhaust review procedures|
    EP17728507.9A| EP3469330B1|2016-06-14|2017-06-01|Exhaust gas inspection method|
    PCT/EP2017/063289| WO2017215931A1|2016-06-14|2017-06-01|Exhaust gas inspection method|
    [返回顶部]